Siendo laepistemolog&237 a la ciencia que estudia las ciencias, en este casoespec&237 ficamente seria la investigaci&243 n de 1 LAS ETAPAS DEL DESARROLLO Lectura tomada y modificada de Craig, 1997.2009, Hoffman, 1996 Kail y Cavavaugh, 2011 Morales ,2008, Morris, 1997 Rice, 1997 y Sarason, 1997 Las etapas de la vida HOFFMAN, (1996) menciona que uno de los factores que influyen en el desarrollo2 Jean Piaget Nació en Suiza Doctor en Ciencias Naturales¿Qu&233 son las etapas de Desarrollo del ni&241 o Los grandes descubrimientos de Jean Piaget en la investigaci&243 n de la infancia, adem&225 s del famoso estudio de la teor&237 a constructivista del desarrollo de la inteligencia, lo hacen merecedor de ser uno de los cient&237 ficos m&225 s elogiados, considerado el responsable de muchas de las herramientas pedag&243 gicas en la &233 poca actual.Se interesó por la Biología, la Filosofía y la Psicología Sus estudios fueron inspirados por su trabajo en el Laboratorio Psicológico de Binet, fijándose principalmente en las respuestas incorrectas de los niños Rechazó las Pruebas estandarizadas Diferenció varios niveles de desarrollo PIAGET Y EL DESARROLLO HUMANO EPISTEMOLOGIA GENETICAJean William Fritz Piaget, creador de la epistemolog&237 a gen&233 tica. DESARROLLOHUMANO SEG&218 NPIAGETSTELLA AGUILARPAOLA AVILAANGELICA GONZALEZ 2. Desarrollo humano segun piaget 1.

Each of those areas affect his perspective, i.e. His focus shifted from Biology to Philosophy to Psychology. He was considered a world expert on mollusks. Published his first article in a natural history magazine at 10 years old describing a partly albino sparrow in a public park He got his bachelor’s degree at 18 and doctorate at 21 in natural sciences, particularly biology.

He rejected the standardized test as losing considerable information about the child’s thinking. He came to the conclusion that older children’s thinking is qualitatively different than younger children: rejecting a quantitative definition of intelligence (based on the number of correct responses on a test). He started asking the children questions and found that there were different kinds of common wrong answers at different ages. He worked in Binet’s (of Stanford-Binet IQ fame) psychological laboratory for a time where he became interested in the development of children’s intelligence, particularly in children’s incorrect answers.

Piaget thought of children incapable of learning particular tasks if not in that stage.5 Postulados de Piaget En períodos diferentes los niños usan estructuras mentales diferentes Las estructuras disponibles para los niños están determinadas por su constitución biológica y sus experiencias de vida Piaget piensa que los niños son incapaces de aprender tareas particulares si no están en esa etapa6 Desarrollo: Cambios (ordenados) cualitativos y cuantitativos en lo:Físico Personal Social Cognitivo The structures available to children are determined by their biological readiness and life experiences. El problema de la periodizacin por etapas del desarrollo del nio.Planteamientos básicos de Piaget Influencias en el desarrollo Tendencias básicas en el pensamiento Cuatro etapas del desarrollo cognitivoEl desarrollo es un intento de los niños por darle sentido al mundo FIRST OF ALL, Piaget postulates that at different periods, children use different mental structures to think about and make sense of their world. Jean Piaget: El constructivismo (cap. By the age of 30 he was already famous for his work in psychology.El Desarrollo humano. So in 1921 he wrote “At last I had found my field of research.” and he researched and wrote about it for the next 60 years.

Qualitatively different ways of thinkingMaduración: programada genéticamente, ocurre naturalmente cambios biológicos Actividad: habilidad individual para actuar en el ambiente Transmisión Social: las personas aprenden de otros PIAGET BELIEVED THAT three factors influence development or changes in thinking: Clay conservation, hypothetical reasoning -Cognitive: Mental processes become more complex and sophisticated, i.e. Playing as a baby we play next to another kid but not with. Puberty -Personal: changes in personality -Social: changes in the ways we relate to others, i.e.

Equilibration: A search for balance between cognitive schemes and information from the environment schemes: structures that are basic building blocks of thinking Organization: Tendency to organize thinking processes into psychological structures/schemes. Social transmission: people learn from others These are influences, so how do we think, according to Piaget?Organización: en estructuras / esquemas Equilibrio: Búsqueda de balance entre los esquemas y la información del ambiente PIAGET BELIEVED THAT THERE WERE FOUR PRINCIPLE TENDENCIES IN THINKING: Activity: individual’s ability to act in the environment

-accommodation: altering existing cognitive structures or creating new ones in response to new information “Gosh, I thought it worked this way “ i.e. Seeing a flamingo for the first time. Adaptation: tendency to adapt to the environment through complementary processes of assimilation and accommodationassimilation: fitting new information into existing cognitive structures “Oh, that’s just like.

Equilibration: A search for balance between cognitive schemes and information from the environment schemes: structures that are basic building blocks of thinking Organization: Tendency to organize thinking processes into psychological structures/schemes. Change in scheme of “Animals: all animals are small and furry”Desequilibrio: cambios a través de la asimilación o acomodación Adaptación Asimilación: fijar la nueva información en las estructuras cognitivas existentes Acomodación: alterando las estructuras existentes o creando nuevas PIAGET BELIEVED THAT THERE WERE FOUR PRINCIPLE TENDENCIES IN THINKING:

object permanence (a hidden object still exists, i.e. Change in scheme of “Animals: all animals are small and furry”Sensorio-motor Infancia: 0-2 años Pre-operacional Infancia temprana: 2-7 años Operacional Concreta De los 7-11 años Operacional Formal Adolescentes y Jóvenes: años THROUGH OBSERVING HIS OWN KIDS AND OTHERS PIAGET DECIDED ON FOUR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT: SENSORIMOTOR: -Development based on info obtained through senses or body movements Only seeing dogs and cats your whole life, then seeing a rhinocerous. -accommodation: altering existing cognitive structures or creating new ones in response to new information “Gosh, I thought it worked this way “ i.e. Seeing a flamingo for the first time. Adaptation: tendency to adapt to the environment through complementary processes of assimilation and accommodationassimilation: fitting new information into existing cognitive structures “Oh, that’s just like.

Egocentrism: Sees world from own view Decentering (object is red & square)/ Operations child can think about doing something without actually doing it. PREOPERATIONAL STAGE -Beginning of mental operations

Compensation: change in one dimension can be offset by changes in another (i.e. Classification: can group objects into categories Seriation can organize objects in sequential order by size, weight, vol. Conservation: changes in some characteristics of an object remain the same despite changes in appearance Collective monologue: group talk but no real interaction CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE -”Hands-on thinking” stage, mental tasks are tied to concrete objects and situations

Reversible thinking child can think backwards (i.e. Egocentrism: Sees world from own view Decentering (object is red & square)/ Operations child can think about doing something without actually doing it.

Classification: can group objects into categories Seriation can organize objects in sequential order by size, weight, vol. Conservation: changes in some characteristics of an object remain the same despite changes in appearance

A balance scale or an algebra problem 2X + 7 = 3X - 9) FORMAL OPERATIONS -”Scientific”, hypothetical, inductive reasoning stage: What if ? -Adolescent egocentrism: everyone else shares one’s thoughts, feelings, and concerns (i.e.

Etapas De Piaget Desarrollo Humano